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Flexography

Printing press invention

Readwritethink printing press

Gutenberg printing press

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Letterpress is the oldest of the printing processes with the widest variety of printing equipment. While some of the methods are now considered obsolete, they are still used in job shops and private presses. The three types of letterpress presses are plate, flat bed cylinder, and rotary. Platen presses were used by Gutenberg to print his famous Bible. They have two flat surfaces, the bed and the platen. Cast metal type and photoengraved plates can be mounted and locked in position on the bed.

The second part of the printing process is prin .ng and finishing, specialized operations which are as related to the cost and quality of the final product, if not more so. than the preparatory operations.

Press time is the most expensive operating cost item in a printing plant. The more that can be done in the preparatory opcrations-in photography, to make sure the type and tone values are correct, and in platemaking, to make sure the images are in correct position ...

Direct image plates can be prepared by typing, drawing, or lettering directly onto a paper master. Special ribbons, pencils, and inks are used. Although inexpensive and easy to make, these plates are limited in quality and are used only for short runs. Two types of silver emulsion plates are used for reprography. In one type, the plate is made directly in the camera, processed, and mounted on the press. Different grades of plates are made for runs up to 5,000.

For duplicating or reprography, some printing systems use plates made by electrophotographic means. One method uses a selenium plate or drum; another method uses the electrofax principle in which zinc oxide is dispersed in a binder and coated on paper or metal: a third method uses an organic photoconductor. In all these methods, the plate or drum is charged with a corona discharge and exposed in a camera to produce the printing image.